RESUMO
P. gingivalis has been reported to be an endothelial cell inflammatory response inducer that can lead to endothelial dysfunction processes related to atherosclerosis; however, these studies have been carried out in vitro in cell culture models on two-dimensional (2D) plastic surfaces that do not simulate the natural environment where pathology develops. This work aimed to evaluate the pro-inflammatory response of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to P. gingivalis in a 3D cell culture model compared with a 2D cell culture. HCAECs were cultured for 7 days on type I collagen matrices in both cultures and were stimulated at an MOI of 1 or 100 with live P. gingivalis W83 for 24 h. The expression of the genes COX-2, eNOS, and vWF and the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines thromboxane A2 (TXA-2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) were evaluated. P. gingivalis W83 in the 2D cell culture increased IL-8 levels at MOI 100 and decreased MCP-1 levels at both MOI 100 and MOI 1. In contrast, the 3D cell culture induced an increased gene expression of COX-2 at both MOIs and reduced MCP-1 levels at MOI 100, whereas the gene expression of eNOS, vWF, and IL-8 and the levels of TXA2 and PGI2 showed no significant changes. These data suggest that in the collagen 3D culture model, P. gingivalis W83 induces a weak endothelial inflammatory response.
RESUMO
La purificación de lipopolisacáridos (LPS) o endotoxinas y su caracterización es un aspecto esencial para estudios que buscan aclarar el papel de estas biomoléculas de bacterias Gram negativas presentes en la cavidad oral y su relación con enfermedades locales periodontales y sistémicas. Este estudio implementa una metodología para la extracción, purificación y caracterización de LPS a partir de bacteria completa de Eikenella corrodens 23834 y Porphyromonas gingivalis W83, utilizando técnicas previamente descritas. La extracción cruda de LPS se realizó con fenol-agua caliente; la purificación se realizó con tratamiento enzimático con nucleasas y proteasa, seguido de cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño (Sephacryl S-200 HR) con deoxicolato de sodio como fase móvil. La caracterización de los extractos purificados se realizó por barrido espectrofotométrico, pruebas bioquímicas de electroforesis SDS-PAGE, ensayo Purpald y la prueba cromogénica de LAL. Como control para la identificación y caracterización de los extractos purificados se utilizaron LPS comerciales de Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Rodobacter sphaeroides y Porphyromonas gingivalis. La metodología implementada permitió la obtención de LPS de elevada pureza con la identificación de KDO o heptosas, un quimiotipo de LPS-S (liso) para E. corrodens y LPS-SR (semi-rugoso) para P. gingivalis W83. Ambos LPS purificados mostraron capacidad endotóxica a bajas concentraciones. La metodología implementada en este estudio para la purificación y caracterización de LPS a partir de bacteria completa fue eficiente al compararla con los LPS comerciales.
Purification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxins and its characterization is an important aspect for studies aimed at clarify the role of these biomolecules from Gram negative bacteria present in the oral cavity and its relationship with periodontal and systemic diseases. This study describes an extraction, purification and characterization method of LPS from Eikenella corrodens 23834 and Porphyromonas gingivalis W83. LPS extraction was performed by using hot phenol-water; the purification was done with nuclease and protease enzymatic treatment, followed by size-exclusion chromatography (Sephacryl S-200 HR) with sodium deoxycholate as mobile phase. The characterization of the purified extracts was performed by spectrophotometric scanning, SDS-PAGE biochemical tests, Purpald assay and chromogenic LAL test. As control, commercial LPS from Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, P. gingivalis, and Rodobacter sphaeroides were used. The methodology mentioned above had allowed obtaining high purity LPS by identifying KDO or heptoses, a chemotype S-LPS (smooth) to E. corrodens; SR-LPS (semi-rough) for P. gingivalis W83. Both purified LPS showed endotoxic capacity at low concentrations. The methodology used in this study for purification and characterization of LPS from the whole bacteria was efficient when it was compared with commercial LPS.
